DIFFERENTIATIONS OF REASON
What Can I Know?		What Ought I to do?		What Can I Hope For?
Epistemology		Moral Theory		Aesthetic
Theoretical Reason: Truth		Practical Reason: Right or Good		Aesthetic Reason: Beauty & the Sublime
The role of reason in gaining knowledge		The role of reason in determining action		The role of reason in aesthetic contemplation
Critique of Pure Reason [1781/1787]		Critique of Practical Reason [1788]		Critique of Judgment [1790]
Knowledge of Nature		Moral conduct in Society		Imaginative contemplation of Beauty/History
Self-conscious life: Knowledge of the natural world.		Self-determined action: Freedom or autonomy in the social world		Self-realization: authentic or genuine expression within the imagination
Apprehension within intuition, and recognition within the concept				Reproduction within the imagination
THE 19TH-CENTURY'S CRITICAL REINTERPRETATION OF KANT'S COPERNICAN TURN IN PHILOSOPHY
Kant initiates the famous reflexive turn to "world-constituting subjectivity," to a self that forms or "synthesizes" experience according to various concepts or ideas of reason.
KANT	Theoretical Reason		Practical Reason		Aesthetic Reason
	Freedom to predict and control nature		Freedom from material determinants of action
	Knowledge of the Natural World		Moral Ordering of Action in the Social World		Artistic apprehension of self & world not subordinate to knowledge or right action
Coordinate status of theoretical, practical and aesthetic reason reshuffled to "complete" Kant's turn to "world-forming subjectivity."
FICHTE			Freedom for forming different world-experiences
SCHILLER					Freedom within the world to apprehend living form
World-constituting synthesis fused with logical self-historization: Hegel, Marx, and Kierkegaard attempt, each in his own way, to lay claim to the medium of history in order to conceive of the unity of a historicized world as process -- whether it be the unity of the world as a whole, or of the human world, or of the life history of the individual." (PMT, p. 117).
HEGEL	Absolute freedom or “spirit” as the self-development of an in-finitizing or de-limiting being. Freedom toward infinite removal of all limitations.
Self-historicizing World-constituting synthesis fused with Labor
MARX	MATERIAL ACTIVITY OF PRODUCING LIFE'S CONDITIONS = LABOR: Survival, overcoming alienation, utopian labor as artistic activity. Freedom toward our communal “species being.”
"It was secularized confessional literature, for which Rousseau provided the great example, that recalled that the basic concepts of rational psychology had never gotten a hold on the fundamental experience of the Judeo-Christian tradition, despite the kinship of metaphysics with theology. The experience to which I am referring is the individuating gaze of that transcendent God, simultaneously grudging and merciful, before whom every individual, alone an irreplaceable, must answer for his life as whole. This individuating power of the consciousness of sin, which could not be captured by the concepts of philosophy, sought for itself a different, literary form of expression in the autobiographical revelation of one's life story, as the published documentation of an existence that has always to answer for itself. In addition, the theme of ineffable individuality takes on new relevance as historical thinking comes on the scene." (PMT, p. 127).
KIERKEGAARD	“In relating itself to itself and in willing to be itself, the self rests transparently in the power that established it.” Freedom from despair.
NIETZSCHE	The will to power